Una memoria sin recuerdos
Palabras clave:
teoría del apego, genética, epigenética, traumatismo
Resumen
Este artículo describe los procesos que permiten la inscripción transgeneracional de las huellas del traumatismo bajo la forma de una memoria sin recuerdos. Dicha transmisión constituye un tipo de posmemoria. La hipótesis, que proviene en gran medida de la teoría del apego, establece que cuando una persona está expuesta a un traumatismo y es a su vez padre o madre, la calidad de sus cuidados hacia un hijo puede ser perturbada por una segregación defensiva de las emociones, lo que a su vez provocaría en el hijo dificultades para encontrar un sentimiento de seguridad cerca de este padre o madre. También se consideran otras hipótesis: genética y epigenética, referentes al traumatismo parental.
Citas
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Bell, S. M. & Stayton, D. J. (1974). Infant-Mother Attachment and Social Development:
“Socialization” as a Product of Reciprocal Responsiveness to Signals. En M. P. Richard (Ed.), The Integration of
a Child into a Social World (pp. 99-135). Londres. Cambridge University Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment. A Psychological Study of
the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, N.J. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2004). No Association of the Dopamine D4 Receptor
(DRD4) and-521 C/T Promoter Polymorphisms with Infant Attachment Disorganization. Attachment & Human
Development, 6(3), 211-218.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss. Loss, Sadnes and Depression (Vol. 3). Nueva York. Basic Books.
Bretherton, I. (2000). Des modalités de relation aux modèles internes : la perspective de la théorie de
l’attachement. En O. Halfon, F. Ansermet & B. Pierrehumbert (Eds.), Filiations Psychiques (pp. 33-60). París.
PUF.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Moran, G., Steele, H. & Higgitt, A. (1993, November). Measuring the Ghost in the Nursery:
An Empirical Study of the Relation Between Parents’mental Representations of Childhood Experiences and
their Infants’ Security of Attachment. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 41(4), 957-989.
Fraiberg, S. H., Adelson, E. & Shapiro, V. (1975). Ghosts in the Nursery: A Pshychoanalytic Approach to the
Problems of Impaires Infant-Mother Relationship. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 14(3),
387-421.
Haft, W. L. & Slade, A. (1989, June). Affect Attunement and Maternal Attachment. A Pilot Study. Infant Mental
Healt Journal, 10(3), 157-172.
Lakatos, K., Nemoda, Z., Toth, I., Ronai, Z., Ney, K., Sasvari-Szekely, M. & Gervai, J. (2002). Further Evidence for the
Role of the Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Gene in
Attachment Disorganization: Interaction of the Exón III 48-bp Repeat and the-521C/T Promoter Polymorphisms.
Molecular Psychiatry, 7, 27-31.
Main, M. & Hesse, E. (1990). ‘Parent’ Unresolver Traumatic Experiences are Related to Infant Disorganized
Attachment Status: Is Frightened adn/or Frigtening Parental Behavior the Linking Mechanism? En. M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti y E.M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years (pp. 161-182). Chicago.
University of Chicago Press.
Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Bodnoff, S. R., Iny, L. J., Tatarewicz, J. E. & Sapolsky, R. M. (1985). Early Postnatal
Handling Alters Glucocorticoid Receptor Concentrations in Selected Brain Regions. Behavioral Neuroscience,
99(4), 765-770.
Monhonval, P. & Lostra, F. (2014). Transmission transgénérationnelle des traits acquis par l’épigénétique.
Cahiers de Psychologie Clinique, 43(2), 29-42.
Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978, December). Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind? Behavioral and
Brain Sciences, 1(4) (A Special Issue on Cognition and Consiousness in Nonhuman Species), 515-526.
Saavedra Rodríguez, L. & Feig, L. A. (2013, June). Chronic Social Instability Induces Anxiety and Defective Social
Interactions Across Generations. Biological Psychiatry, 73(1), 44-53.
Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. & Blom, M. (1999). Unresolved loss and infant
disorganization. En J. Solomon y C. George (Eds.), Attachment disorganization (pp. 71-94). Nueva York.
Guilford Press.
Stern, D.N (1989). Le monde interpersonnel du nourrison. Une perspective psychanalytique et
développementale. París. PUF (Le Fil Rouge).
Weaver, I. C. G. (2004, July). Early Environmental Regulation of Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene
Expression: Characterization of Intracellular Mediators and Potential Genomic Target Sites. Annals of New
York Academy of Sciences, 1024(4), 182-212.
“Socialization” as a Product of Reciprocal Responsiveness to Signals. En M. P. Richard (Ed.), The Integration of
a Child into a Social World (pp. 99-135). Londres. Cambridge University Press.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment. A Psychological Study of
the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, N.J. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2004). No Association of the Dopamine D4 Receptor
(DRD4) and-521 C/T Promoter Polymorphisms with Infant Attachment Disorganization. Attachment & Human
Development, 6(3), 211-218.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss. Loss, Sadnes and Depression (Vol. 3). Nueva York. Basic Books.
Bretherton, I. (2000). Des modalités de relation aux modèles internes : la perspective de la théorie de
l’attachement. En O. Halfon, F. Ansermet & B. Pierrehumbert (Eds.), Filiations Psychiques (pp. 33-60). París.
PUF.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Moran, G., Steele, H. & Higgitt, A. (1993, November). Measuring the Ghost in the Nursery:
An Empirical Study of the Relation Between Parents’mental Representations of Childhood Experiences and
their Infants’ Security of Attachment. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 41(4), 957-989.
Fraiberg, S. H., Adelson, E. & Shapiro, V. (1975). Ghosts in the Nursery: A Pshychoanalytic Approach to the
Problems of Impaires Infant-Mother Relationship. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 14(3),
387-421.
Haft, W. L. & Slade, A. (1989, June). Affect Attunement and Maternal Attachment. A Pilot Study. Infant Mental
Healt Journal, 10(3), 157-172.
Lakatos, K., Nemoda, Z., Toth, I., Ronai, Z., Ney, K., Sasvari-Szekely, M. & Gervai, J. (2002). Further Evidence for the
Role of the Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Gene in
Attachment Disorganization: Interaction of the Exón III 48-bp Repeat and the-521C/T Promoter Polymorphisms.
Molecular Psychiatry, 7, 27-31.
Main, M. & Hesse, E. (1990). ‘Parent’ Unresolver Traumatic Experiences are Related to Infant Disorganized
Attachment Status: Is Frightened adn/or Frigtening Parental Behavior the Linking Mechanism? En. M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti y E.M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years (pp. 161-182). Chicago.
University of Chicago Press.
Meaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Bodnoff, S. R., Iny, L. J., Tatarewicz, J. E. & Sapolsky, R. M. (1985). Early Postnatal
Handling Alters Glucocorticoid Receptor Concentrations in Selected Brain Regions. Behavioral Neuroscience,
99(4), 765-770.
Monhonval, P. & Lostra, F. (2014). Transmission transgénérationnelle des traits acquis par l’épigénétique.
Cahiers de Psychologie Clinique, 43(2), 29-42.
Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978, December). Does the Chimpanzee Have a Theory of Mind? Behavioral and
Brain Sciences, 1(4) (A Special Issue on Cognition and Consiousness in Nonhuman Species), 515-526.
Saavedra Rodríguez, L. & Feig, L. A. (2013, June). Chronic Social Instability Induces Anxiety and Defective Social
Interactions Across Generations. Biological Psychiatry, 73(1), 44-53.
Schuengel, C., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. & Blom, M. (1999). Unresolved loss and infant
disorganization. En J. Solomon y C. George (Eds.), Attachment disorganization (pp. 71-94). Nueva York.
Guilford Press.
Stern, D.N (1989). Le monde interpersonnel du nourrison. Une perspective psychanalytique et
développementale. París. PUF (Le Fil Rouge).
Weaver, I. C. G. (2004, July). Early Environmental Regulation of Hippocampal Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene
Expression: Characterization of Intracellular Mediators and Potential Genomic Target Sites. Annals of New
York Academy of Sciences, 1024(4), 182-212.
Publicado
2020-10-07
Cómo citar
Pierrehumbert, B. (2020). Una memoria sin recuerdos. Tópicos Del Seminario, 2(44), 50-61. Recuperado a partir de http://rda.buap.mx/ojs-ts1/index.php/topsem/article/view/700
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